ＣＩＡ、アイヒマン情報を握り潰す

米中央情報局（Central Intelligence Agency、CIA）は、ナチス・ドイツによるユダヤ人大虐殺の最高責任者だった親衛隊幹部アドルフ・アイヒマン（Adolf Eichmann）について、アルゼンチンでの潜伏情報や偽名を知りながら放置していた。６日、機密解除されたCIAの文書で明らかになった。

CIA Ties With Ex-Nazis Shown [Washington Post]

The CIA organized Cold War spy networks that included former Nazis and failed to act on a 1958 report that fugitive Nazi war criminal Adolf Eichmann was living in Argentina, newly released CIA records show.

The records were among 27,000 pages of documents made public yesterday at the National Archives. They shed new light on the secret protection and support given to former Nazi officials and Nazi collaborators by U.S. intelligence agencies as fighting communism became the central aim of American foreign policy in the years after World War II.

"It was not U.S. policy to track Nazi war criminals once the Cold War began," said historian Timothy Naftali of the University of Virginia, a Cold War expert who has studied the new documents.

ナチ戦犯を追跡することは、当時アメリカのポリシーではなかった。冷戦下での反共政策が優先だった。

ナチス大物戦犯情報を放置　ＣＩＡ、反共工作優先 [Yahoo!ニュース／共同通信]

ワシントン・ポスト紙によると、旧西ドイツの情報機関が５８年３月にＣＩＡにあてたメモに「アイヒマンが、クレメンスという偽名で５２年からアルゼンチンで生活しているとの報告がある」と記載されていた。

ＣＩＡ、ナチス戦犯のアイヒマン放置…公開文書で判明 [Yahoo!ニュース／読売新聞]

しかし、アイヒマンの逮捕で、西独のアデナウアー政権下で米国の反共政策などに協力していたナチス残党で、西独の官房長官にもなったハンス・グロプケらの存在が明らかになることを懸念。ＣＩＡは、捜索していたイスラエルに情報を提供せず、事実上、黙殺した。結局、アイヒマンは６０年にイスラエルの情報機関モサドによって捕らえられ、６２年に処刑された。

CIA ignored tip to arrest Eichmann to preserve Cold War stability [Telegraph]

Timothy Naftali, a historian at the University of Virginia, said there had been fears at the "highest levels of the [West German chancellor] Konrad Adenauer government... about what Eichmann could say if caught about those close to the chancellor".

In particular, the West Germans worried about the wartime role of Mr Adenauer's national security adviser Hans Globke, who was a former Nazi.

CIA Suppressed Information About Nazi Fugitive [Deutsche Welle]

They also show that the United States used a large network of spies recruited among former Nazis and that the CIA had virtually no interest in arresting war criminals, focusing instead on Cold War issues.

"The American policy of the time was not to pursue Nazi war criminals," Naftali said. "They thought that was the responsibility of the Germans."

CIA, W. Germany kept Eichmann's location a secret [Haaretz]

Globke, a former senior Nazi and close associate of then chancellor Konrad Adenauer, was one of the authors of the Nuremberg Laws in the 1930s. But in the 1950s, according to Naftali, he was the chancellor's main contact person with American intelligence.

According to the declassified documents, a German intelligence officer reported to the CIA in March 1958 that Germany had known since 1952 that Eichmann lived in Argentina under the pseudonym "Clemens." The information was not entirely accurate, as the name Eichmann used at the time was "Clement."

However, the CIA chose not to make use of the information.

Israeli intelligence officers who have published their memoirs have written that Israel knew that Eichmann lived in Argentina by 1957, but lacked any information regarding his pseudonym.

C.I.A. Knew Where Eichmann Was Hiding, Documents Show [NY Times]

Ironically, in view of the information the C.I.A. received in 1958, documents previously released by the C.I.A. showed that it was surprised in May 1960 when the Israelis captured Eichmann. Cables from the time show that Allen Dulles, the C.I.A. director, demanded that officers find out more about the capture.

Since Congress passed the Nazi War Crimes Disclosure Act in 1998, the Interagency Working Group has worked to declassify more than eight million pages of documents.

Norman J. W. Goda, an Ohio University historian who reviewed the C.I.A. material, said it showed in greater detail than previously known how the K.G.B. aggressively recruited former Nazi intelligence officers after the war. In particular, he said, the documents fill in the story of the "catastrophic" Soviet penetration of the Gehlen Organization, the postwar West German intelligence service sponsored by the United States Army and then the C.I.A.

Mr. Goda described the case of Heinz Felfe, a former SS officer who was bitter over the Allied firebombing of his native city, Dresden, and secretly worked for the K.G.B. Mr. Felfe rose in the Gehlen Organization to oversee counterintelligence, a Soviet agent placed in charge of combating Soviet espionage.

The C.I.A. shared much sensitive information

[アドルフ・オットー・アイヒマン]

• アドルフ・アイヒマン [Wikipedia Ja]

証言にしばしば伴ったナチの残虐行為の恐ろしい記述は、ホロコーストの現実およびナチの支配の弊害を直視することを全世界に強いた。裁判を通じてアイヒマンは、単に「命令に従った」だけだと主張した。ちなみに、彼は『一人の死は悲劇だが数十万人の死は単なる統計である』という言葉を残している。

また、アイヒマン裁判について「思考する」著書として、ハンナ・アーレントによる『イェルサレムのアイヒマン―悪の陳腐さについての報告』がある。

イェルサレムのアイヒマン――悪の陳腐さについての報告

アレントの目に映ったユダヤ人大量虐殺の実行責任者の姿は、本書の副題にある「悪の陳腐さ」を具視する小人物のそれだった。アイヒマンは、生来の残虐性や人種差別感情に凝り固まった悪の化身などではなく、たんに実定法や権力者の命令に忠実なだけの小市民、平凡な小役人にすぎなかったのである。
そしてアレントは、あれほどの残虐行為に関与していながら、権力への服従になんら疑問を抱かなかった彼の「良心」、思考能力、そして自律的判断力の欠落という問題を指摘する。

（中略）

この傍聴記は、ナチによるユダヤ人大虐殺に、ユダヤ人みずから（とりわけ特定のユダヤ人長老評議会）がその執行に「協力」したと論じる、あるいはそう受け取れかねない記述によって、各国のユダヤ人組織や多くの知識人の間に苛烈な反発を引き起こし、アレントは大論争に巻き込まれることとなった。

川崎修『アレント　公共性の復権』（講談社）p.370-371

現代思想の冒険者たちSelect アレント 公共性の復権